[HTML][HTML] Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action

E Martinez-Hackert, A Sundan, T Holien - Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2021 - Elsevier
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related,
multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development,
regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33
members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and
two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking
feature of the family is its promiscuity, ie, many ligands bind the same receptors and …